Botanical Name — Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. Cat.
Family- RANUNCULACEAE
Names in different languages
| Marathi Persian Punjabi Tamil Telugu Bengali English Gujarati Hindi Kannada Malayalam | Ati Vish Vajjcturki Atis Ati Vidayam Ati Vasa Ataich Indian Atees Ativakhani Kali Atis, Atvika Ati Visha Ati Vidayam |
Synonyms— Aruna, Ardrã, Upavisã, Kasäyã Krsnã, Ghuna Vallabhã, Cãndri, Pita Vallabhã, Prati Visa, Bhangurä, Madhya-deasthã, Mahausadha, Mãdri, Mrdvi, Raktã, Visvä, Visamã, Visa,sisubhaisajya, Suka Kandã, Sukla Kandã, Srngikã, Syama Kanda, svetã, Sveta Kanda, sveta vaca.
Classification according to Caraka, Susruta & Vagbhata
| Caraka Samhitã Suruta Samhitã : Astanga Sangraha Astanga Hrdaya | Lekhaniya, Arsöghna, Tikta skandha, Sirovirecana Pippalyãdi, Mustãdi, Vacadi Lekhaniya,Arsöghna,Pippalyãdi, Mustãdi, Vacadi Mustädi, Vacãdi Pippalyãdi |
Introduction-
Carak considered this drug as prativisa, but Susruta considers A.palmatum as prativisa. it described under Lekhaniya, Arsoghna Vargas, Tikta skandha, sirovirecana dravyas ,
Carak considered this drug as prativisa, but Susruta considers A.palmatum as prativisa. it described under Lekhaniya, Arsoghna Vargas, Tikta skandha, sirovirecana dravyas ,
Varieties & adulterants - (CV – controversy, AD – adulterants)
1. Cherophyllum violosum [AD]
2. sukla
3. krsna
4. aruna
5. rakta
6. sveta
7. pita – Delphinium denudatum - [CV]
Morphology
(i) A. heterophyllum—
Roots biennial, paired, tuberous; whitish or grey. Stem erect, simple or branched, from 15-20 cm high. glabrous below, finely crispo-pubescent in the upper part.
Leaves heteromorphous, glabrous: lowest on long petioles (13cm); blade orbicular- cordate or ovate-cordate in outline with a usually narrow sinus (1-1.5 cm deep); usually 5- lobed to the middle, amplexicaul.
Inflorescence slender raceme or a lax, leafy panicle, crispo-pubescent; Sepals bluish or violet (rarely whitish); navicular obliquely erect, shortly or obscurely beaked, 18-20 mm high, 8-9 mm wide. Carpels 5, elliptic-oblong. Follicles contagious, linear-oblong, straight, 16-18 mm long.
Seeds pyramidal, 3-4 mm long, blackish brown.
Distribution— commonly found in sub-alpine and alpine zones Himalayas from Indus to Kumaon at 2000-5000 m (6000-16000 ft.).
(ii) A. palmatum—Roots, biennial, paired, tuberous; conical or cylindrical 4-10 cm long, 0.75-3 cm thick.Stem erect.Leaves scattered, upto 10, the lowest usually withered at the time of flowering, glabrous, or the upper most finely pubescent on the nerves below; petiole slender 4-10 cm long; blade orbicular-cordate to reniform , 3-lobed.Inflorescence a very loose, leafy panicle or raceme, 10-20 cm long. Sepals bluish or variegated white and blue, uppermost helmet-shaped. Carpels 5, sub contagious in the flower.Follicles sub contagious or some what diverging in the upper part, oblong, obliquely truncate, 2.5-3 cm long and 5-6 mm broad.Seeds blackish, ovoid, about 3 mm long, round in Cross section.
Chemical Constituents—
(i) A. heterophyllum—
Atidine , hetisine, heteratisine ,Diterpene alkaloids , heterophylline, heterophylline ,heterophyllidine heterophyllisine, hetidine, atidine & ,Atisenol, a new entatisene diterpenoid lactone from roots.
F-dishydrçatisine, hetidine, hetisinone, heteratisine, hetisine, benzylleteratisine, beta —sitosterol, carotene and 3— isoatisine from rhizomes
(ii) A. palmatum—non-toxic alkaloid has been isolated from A. palmatum
Distribution & Habitat
Maharashtra & Himalayas
Properties
Rasa - Katu, Tikta
Guna -Laghu, Ruksha
Virya -Ushna
Vipaka -Katu
Virya -Ushna
Vipaka -Katu
Karma - Dipana, Päcana, Grãhi, Tridosahara, otha hara, Viaghna, Krmihara, Aroghna, Jvara hara, Kasa hara Prabhãva- Visa hara
External uses
The crushed eaves, mixed with saindhav are applied focally. The seeds crushed in honey are applied locally on throat, in tonsillitis. Nasal insufflations of roots is beneficial in headache (especially migraine).
Internal uses
Respiratory system : The juice of roots along with milk is an expectorant Root powder is given orally in cervical lymphadenitis.
Digestive system : Seed and root are used in ascites. Seeds are laxative.
Urinary system : The seeds are diuretic, the root decoction reduces burning of urinary tract. It increases volume of urine,
Reproductive system : Root is used in sperrnatorrhoea. The decoction of roots is also used in burning of vagina.
Circulatory system : The juice of leaves along with juice of zingier reduce perspiration.
Toxic effects—
Over dosage (More than 5-6g) produces symptoms like dryness of mouth, tremors etc.
Pretreatment of A. palmatum root in cow’s milk and urine reduced the cardio-toxicity (Singh L.B. et al., 1985).
Srotogamitva:
Dosha : Tridoshaghna.
Dhatu : Majja (brain tonic), rakta. shukra. meda:
Mala : Mutra (diuretic). purisha (laxative). sweda.
Dosha : Tridoshaghna.
Dhatu : Majja (brain tonic), rakta. shukra. meda:
Mala : Mutra (diuretic). purisha (laxative). sweda.
Part Used—
The tuberous root is medicinally used both alone and in combination. Yogaratnakara mentioned that Haritaki may be used as the substitute for Ativisã.
Dosage—Root powder l-3g per day (divided doses)
Indications—
Atisãra, Jwara, Kãsa, Bãla röga. Visa röga, Ama dosa, Chardi, Krimi roga, Agnimãndya, Rakta pitta, Yakrd roga, Trsnã, Pinasa, Ara, Pittodara etc.
Atisãra, Jwara, Kãsa, Bãla röga. Visa röga, Ama dosa, Chardi, Krimi roga, Agnimãndya, Rakta pitta, Yakrd roga, Trsnã, Pinasa, Ara, Pittodara etc.
Important research work going on
1.contractions of frog rectus abdominis induced by acetylcholine. Clinical Studies
2. diarrhoeal disorders
3. hypolipidemic effect
Therapcutic Uses—
(1)Balaröga— Ativisã alone or along with Karkaangi and Pippali in case of cough and fever (A.H.Ut.2/57 & V.M.66/10)’.
(2) Atisära— Ativisã + Bhanga + Vacã as powder
(3) Jvaratisara— sunthi, Kutaja, Mustã, guduçi & Ativisã are given orally in the form of decoction .
(4) Grahani— The decoction made of Ativiã, sunthi & Mustã is administered orally to destroy the Ama (C.S.Ci.15/98)3.
(5) Mutra krçchra— Ativisã, Amla dravyas, Sunthi, Goksura, Kantakari are made as Peyã (gruel) and given along with Phãnita (jaggery syrup)- (C.S.Su. 2/22).
(6) Visa roga— A ghee prepared with Ativisã and cow’s milk is used orally or as nasal drops in case of acute poisoning. The ghee may also be processed with Sveta and Madayantikã (S.S.Ka.1/64)
(7) Musika Visa— Ativisã root is made into paste by grinding with honey and administered orally (S.S.Ka. 7/39)’.
(8) Vrana— syonãka , Prativisã, Kantakãri müla are made into paste and applied over the wounds (A.H. Ut. 35/47)2.
(9) Kuksi roga /Udara rogas- 1 part Ativisa + 3 parts Añkola, administered orally with rice water (Tandulodaka)
NAGAKESARA
Botanical Name— Mesua ferrea Linn.
Family- GUTIIFERAE
Synonyms— Ahi Puspa, Ibha, Kanakãhva, Kañcanãhvaya, Kiñijilkam, Kesaram, Cãmpeyam, Natam, Nagam, Naga Kiñjilkam, Naga Puspam, Naga renuka, PaficabhUvayam, Piñjaram,Phani pannagam, Rukmam, Suvarnam, Hema pusam.
Classification according to Caraka, Susrutha & Vagbhata
| Susruta Samhita : Elãdi, Vacãdi, Anjanãdi, Priyangvadi ganas |
| Caraka Samhita |
| Astanga Sangraha : EIädi, Vacädi, Anjanadi, Priyangvadi ganas |
| Asanga Hdaya : Elãdi, Vacãdi, Añjanãdi, Priyangvadi ganas |
Names in different languages
| Assam Bihar Bengali English Hindi Kannada Malayalam Marathi Punjabi Tamil Telugu Oriya | Naboor Nagkeshur Nagesar Iron-wood of Assam, ceylon Iron wood. Naghas, Nogkesar Kanchana, Nagasampige Nagachempakam, veluttachempakam NagachampaNaga kesar Irul, Karunangu Naga kesarãlu Nageshvar |
Morphology
(i) Mesua ferrea Linn—It is a medium sized tree; bark ash-coloured.
(i) Mesua ferrea Linn—It is a medium sized tree; bark ash-coloured.
Leaves- 8- 12 by 3-4 cm. oblong-lanceolate, acute acuminate, glabrous above and glaucous beneath, petioles 6-8 mm. long. Flowers- white coloured, 2-2.5cm. deameter, axillary or terminal, stamens are numerous, golden-yellow coloured.Fruit- 2.5-3 cm. long.Ovoiad.seed- 1-4, angular, smooth, chestnut brown in colour.
Distribution & Habitat-eastern Himalayas, Bengel, Assam, eastern and western ghats and Andaman Islands.
(ii) Ochrotarpus longifolius Benth & Hook f—(tree)
Leaves- thickly coriaceous, 16-20 cm. by 5-6.5 cm., oblong, obtuse, glabrous, petioles 6 mm. long. Flowers- numerous, in short fascicles on tubercles from the axils of fallen leaves, orange red coloured; stamens many, sterile in female flowers
Fruit 2.5 cm. long. obliqualy ovoid, single seed.
Distribution & Habitat-Along western ghats of Konkan and Malabar area, Tamil nadu.
Chemical constituents-(i) Mesua ferrea— Mesuol , Mesuaxanthofle B- and euxanthofle 4- a1kylcoumnu0l MammeiSin ,Mamiflegin & mesuol from seed oil (Phytochem. 1971,10,1131). mesuaferrofle glycoside- cyclohaxodione- mesuaferrol, sitosterol. Octadecatriefloic and hexadecanolic acids are present in seed oil
(ii) Ochrocarpus longifolius— Mammca surgia,Kosterml. 4- alkylated coumarins- Surangin A and B. Squalene, Cycloartenol, campesterol, stigmasterol and bsitosterol. Vitexjn and mesojnositol
Important Yogas or Formations
Kanakasava,catujataka,eladichurna,kesaradi kasayam.
Properties—Rasa Kasäya, Tikta Guna Rüksa, Tiksna, LaghuVirya - Usna/Anusna Vipaka - Katu
Karma - Kapha- Pittahara Pramãthi, Grãhi, Paean,
Visahara, otha hara, Kandughna, Ku!haghana
Indications-. Raktaras Raktatisãra, Rakta Pradara, Kustha, Visarpa, Jvara, Chardi, Vãta rakta, sopha, Vãta roga, siro roga, Trsnã, Visa roga,
Clinical Studies
(1) It found to be useful in female patients suffering from Sveta pradara (vaginal monaliasis).
Important research work going on
1.Anti fungal activity
2.Anti bacterial activity
(1) Rakta Aras— Naga kesara cürna (2-3gm) shall be administered orally along with butter and sugar (C.S.Ci.14/210)
(2) Hikkã— Nagakesara cürna (2-4gm) is given orally with honey and sugar along with (S.S.Ut.50/24)
(3) Rakta Pradara— Nagakesara cürna is to orally administered while consuming plenty or butter-milk daily
(4) Sveta Pradara— Naga kesara is soaked in the buttermilk and administered orally for 3 days (V. S. & Y. R.)
(5) Rakta Atisãra— Nãga kesara cUrna with sugar (V. S.)5.
(6) Pumsavana— The lady who wants to have a female child should consume Nagakesara along with ghee (5gm dose daily) during the period of ovulation (Rtu kãla)- (R. M.)
(7) GarbhaStapana Powders of Naga kesara and Püga (beetle nut) are mixed together and given orally (Va.Se.)
Botanical Name — Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. Cat.
Family- RANUNCULACEAE
Names in different languages
| Marathi Persian Punjabi Tamil Telugu Bengali English Gujarati Hindi Kannada Malayalam | Ati Vish Vajjcturki Atis Ati Vidayam Ati Vasa Ataich Indian Atees Ativakhani Kali Atis, Atvika Ati Visha Ati Vidayam |
Synonyms— Aruna, Ardrã, Upavisã, Kasäyã Krsnã, Ghuna Vallabhã, Cãndri, Pita Vallabhã, Prati Visa, Bhangurä, Madhya-deasthã, Mahausadha, Mãdri, Mrdvi, Raktã, Visvä, Visamã, Visa,sisubhaisajya, Suka Kandã, Sukla Kandã, Srngikã, Syama Kanda, svetã, Sveta Kanda, sveta vaca.
Classification according to Caraka, Susruta & Vagbhata
| Caraka Samhitã Suruta Samhitã : Astanga Sangraha Astanga Hrdaya | Lekhaniya, Arsöghna, Tikta skandha, Sirovirecana Pippalyãdi, Mustãdi, Vacadi Lekhaniya,Arsöghna,Pippalyãdi, Mustãdi, Vacadi Mustädi, Vacãdi Pippalyãdi |
Introduction— Carak considered this drug as prativisa, but Susruta considers A.palmatum as prativisa. it described under Lekhaniya, Arsoghna Vargas, Tikta skandha, sirovirecana dravyas ,
Varieties & adulterants - (CV – controversy, AD – adulterants)
1. Cherophyllum violosum [AD]
2. sukla
3. krsna
4. aruna
5. rakta
6. sveta
7. pita – Delphinium denudatum - [CV]
Morphology
(i) A. heterophyllum—
Roots biennial, paired, tuberous; whitish or grey. Stem erect, simple or branched, from 15-20 cm high. glabrous below, finely crispo-pubescent in the upper part.
Leaves heteromorphous, glabrous: lowest on long petioles (13cm); blade orbicular- cordate or ovate-cordate in outline with a usually narrow sinus (1-1.5 cm deep); usually 5- lobed to the middle, amplexicaul.
Inflorescence slender raceme or a lax, leafy panicle, crispo-pubescent; Sepals bluish or violet (rarely whitish); navicular obliquely erect, shortly or obscurely beaked, 18-20 mm high, 8-9 mm wide. Carpels 5, elliptic-oblong. Follicles contagious, linear-oblong, straight, 16-18 mm long.
Seeds pyramidal, 3-4 mm long, blackish brown.
Distribution— commonly found in sub-alpine and alpine zones Himalayas from Indus to Kumaon at 2000-5000 m (6000-16000 ft.).
(ii) A. palmatum— Roots, biennial, paired, tuberous; conical or cylindrical 4-10 cm long, 0.75-3 cm thick.
Stem erect.-Leaves scattered, upto 10, the lowest usually withered at the time of flowering, glabrous, or the upper most finely pubescent on the nerves below; petiole slender 4-10 cm long; blade orbicular-cordate to reniform , 3-lobed.
Inflorescence a very loose, leafy panicle or raceme, 10-20 cm long. Sepals bluish or variegated white and blue, uppermost helmet-shaped. Carpels 5, sub contagious in the flower.
Follicles sub contagious or some what diverging in the upper part, oblong, obliquely truncate, 2.5-3 cm long and 5-6 mm broad.
Seeds blackish, ovoid, about 3 mm long, round in Cross section.
Chemical Constituents—
(i) A. heterophyllum—
Atidine , hetisine, heteratisine ,Diterpene alkaloids , heterophylline, heterophylline ,heterophyllidine heterophyllisine, hetidine, atidine & ,Atisenol, a new entatisene diterpenoid lactone from roots.
F-dishydrçatisine, hetidine, hetisinone, heteratisine, hetisine, benzylleteratisine, beta —sitosterol, carotene and 3— isoatisine from rhizomes
(ii) A. palmatum—non-toxic alkaloid has been isolated from A. palmatum
Distribution & Habitat
Maharashtra & Himalayas
Properties
Properties
Rasa - Katu, Tikta
Guna -Laghu, Ruksha
Virya -Ushna
Vipaka -Katu
Virya -Ushna
Vipaka -Katu
Karma - Dipana, Päcana, Grãhi, Tridosahara, otha hara, Viaghna, Krmihara, Aroghna, Jvara hara, Kasa hara,Prabhãva- Visa hara
External uses
The crushed eaves, mixed with saindhav are applied focally. The seeds crushed in honey are applied locally on throat, in tonsillitis. Nasal insufflations of roots is beneficial in headache (especially migraine).
Internal uses
Respiratory system : The juice of roots along with milk is an expectorant Root powder is given orally in cervical lymphadenitis.
Digestive system : Seed and root are used in ascites. Seeds are laxative.
Urinary system : The seeds are diuretic, the root decoction reduces burning of urinary tract. It increases volume of urine,
Respiratory system : The juice of roots along with milk is an expectorant Root powder is given orally in cervical lymphadenitis.
Digestive system : Seed and root are used in ascites. Seeds are laxative.
Urinary system : The seeds are diuretic, the root decoction reduces burning of urinary tract. It increases volume of urine,
Reproductive system : Root is used in sperrnatorrhoea. The decoction of roots is also used in burning of vagina.
Circulatory system : The juice of leaves along with juice of zingier reduce perspiration.
Circulatory system : The juice of leaves along with juice of zingier reduce perspiration.
Toxic effects—
Over dosage (More than 5-6g) produces symptoms like dryness of mouth, tremors etc.
Pretreatment of A. palmatum root in cow’s milk and urine reduced the cardio-toxicity (Singh L.B. et al., 1985).
Srotogamitva:
Dosha : Tridoshaghna.
Dhatu : Majja (brain tonic), rakta. shukra. meda:
Mala : Mutra (diuretic). purisha (laxative). sweda.
Dosha : Tridoshaghna.
Dhatu : Majja (brain tonic), rakta. shukra. meda:
Mala : Mutra (diuretic). purisha (laxative). sweda.
Part Used—The tuberous root is medicinally used both alone and in combination. Yogaratnakara mentioned that Haritaki may be used as the substitute for Ativisã.
Dosage—Root powder l-3g per day (divided doses)
Indications—Atisãra, Jwara, Kãsa, Bãla röga. Visa röga, Ama dosa, Chardi, Krimi roga, Agnimãndya, Rakta pitta, Yakrd roga, Trsnã, Pinasa, Ara, Pittodara etc.
Important research work going on
1. contractions of frog rectus abdominis induced by acetylcholine.
Clinical Studies
Clinical Studies
2. diarrhoeal disorders
3. hypolipidemic effect
Therapcutic Uses—
(1) Bala röga— Ativisã alone or along with Karkaangi
and Pippali in case of cough and fever (A.H.Ut.2/57 & V.M.66/10)’.
and Pippali in case of cough and fever (A.H.Ut.2/57 & V.M.66/10)’.
(2) Atisära— Ativisã + Bhanga + Vacã as powder
(3) Jvaratisara— sunthi, Kutaja, Mustã, guduçi & Ativisã are
given orally in the form of decoction .
given orally in the form of decoction .
(4) Grahani— The decoction made of Ativiã, sunthi & Mustã is administered orally to destroy the Ama (C.S.Ci.15/98)3.
(5) Mutra krçchra— Ativisã, Amla dravyas, Sunthi, Goksura, Kantakari are made as Peyã (gruel) and given along with Phãnita (jaggery syrup)- (C.S.Su. 2/22).
(6) Visa roga— A ghee prepared with Ativisã and cow’s milk is used orally or as nasal drops in case of acute poisoning. The ghee may also be processed with Sveta and Madayantikã (S.S.Ka.1/64)
(7) Musika Visa— Ativisã root is made into paste by grinding with honey and administered orally (S.S.Ka. 7/39)’.
(8) Vrana— syonãka , Prativisã, Kantakãri müla are made into paste and applied over the wounds (A.H. Ut. 35/47)2.
(9) Kuksi roga /Udara rogas- 1 part Ativisa + 3 parts Añkola, administered orally with rice water (Tandulodaka)
PATHA
Botanical Name— Cissampelos parieta Linn. (North India)
Cyclea peltata (south India )
Family- MENISPERMACEAE
Cyclea peltata
Cissampelos pariera
Names in different languageHindi- Padhi, Padha; Telugu- Chiruboddi; Kannada. Padavali; Tamil-Appatta; Malayalam. Kattuvalli; Gujarati- Venivel; Bengali-Akanadi; Marathi- Padavela
Synonyms— Ambasthã, Pãpacelika, Präcinã, Varatiktã, Aviddha karni, Piluphalã, Kucelikã, Ekãsthilã.
Classification according to Caraka, Susruta & Vagbhata
Caraka -Sandhãniya, Jvarahara, Stanyaödhana
Susruta - Mustãdi, Aragvadhadi, Pippalyadi, Ambasthadi, Brhatyadi, Patolädi
Vägbhata - Mustadi, Aragvadhadi, Ambasthdi, Patolädi, Vatsakãdi,
Introduction—
It is one of the best brain tonic used in Ayurveda along with other drugs. In the Vedic literature Pãthã is described as ‘Pãtã’
Cissampelos pariera
Varieties & adulterants - (CV – controversy, AD – adulterants)
1. Cyclea peltata - [AD]
2. C. burmani - [AD]
3. Stemphania hernandifolia - [AD]
4. Rivea hypocrateriformins - [AD]
5. R. ornata. - [AD]
6. Raja patha - Cyclea peltata
7. laghu patha - Cissampelos pariera
Morphology
C. pareira- It is a climbing shrub; branches pubescent.
Leaves- peltate, 3.8-10 cm diametre.
Flowers- minute, yellowish. Male flowers in axillary cymes, peduncle 18mm long. Sepals 4, hairy, obovate- oblong. Petals combined into a cyathiform corolla, half the length of the sepals. Filaments longer than Corolla. Female flowers in elongate, solitary or twin, axillary racemes; pedicles very short; bracts foliaceous or nearly sessile, orbicular or reniform. Sepal 1, ovate-oblong. Petal 1, sub rotund.
Fruit drupe, subglobose, hairy, red, endocarp transversely ridged. Distribution- Found throughout tropical & subtropical India.
C. peltata- It is a climber, Leaves- peltate, hairy,
Flowers- very small. Male flowers in panicles, very long.
Fruit- drupe. reniform.
Note— The species of this plant are easily distinguished by the cup-shaped calyx and corolla. Cissampelos has the corolla alone cup-shaped.
Distribution & Habitat
All over India
Cyclea peltata
chemical constituents
C. pariera- Hayatin (dl-becberine), hayatinin, menismine, cissamine, pareirine, cycleanine,bebeerine, hayatidin, (+) quercitol etc.
C. peltata- Fangchinoline, cycleapeltine, cycleadrine,cycleacurine, cycleanorine, cycleahomine chloride, chondocurine, magnoflorine,isotetradrine, perpamine, cycleamine, burmannaline etc.
Cyclea peltata
Properties—Rasa-TiktaVirya-UsnaVipäka-KatuGuna.-Laghu, TiksnaKarma-Vata-Kaphahara,Visaghna, Grãhi, Balya
Cyclea peltata
External uses Being wound healer. antidote and Kushthaghna, paste of leaves and root is used in purities, skin disorders and snake poison. Juice or powdered roots are used as a nasya.
Internal uses
Digestive system : Being an appetizer, digestive, laxative, astringent and anthelniintic, it is useful in anorexia. indigestion,abdominal pain, diarrhoea and dysentery.
Circulatory system : It is a blood purifier and has anti-inflammatory properly, so it is used in blood disorders, heart disorders and inflammation.
Respiratory system Being an expectorant, is is used in cough and dyspnoea.
Respiratory system Being an expectorant, is is used in cough and dyspnoea.
Reproductive system Since it purifies breast milk it is used in various disorders ot breast milk secretion.
Urinary system : diuretic, hence useful in dysuria and haematuria. Skin : Kushthaghna, Useful in skin disorders.
Temperature : Being febrifuge and refrigerant, it is used in jwara. fever related diarrhoea and burning disorders.
Satmikaran : Antidote and tonic - bitter tonic.
Excretion : This drug is excreted through urine.
Urinary system : diuretic, hence useful in dysuria and haematuria. Skin : Kushthaghna, Useful in skin disorders.
Temperature : Being febrifuge and refrigerant, it is used in jwara. fever related diarrhoea and burning disorders.
Satmikaran : Antidote and tonic - bitter tonic.
Excretion : This drug is excreted through urine.
Srotogamitva
Dosha Alleviates vata, kapha. alleviates all three doshas.
Dhatn : Rasa, rakta, stanyagami.
Mala : Purisha (astringent), mutsamargagami (excretion through urine)
Dosha Alleviates vata, kapha. alleviates all three doshas.
Dhatn : Rasa, rakta, stanyagami.
Mala : Purisha (astringent), mutsamargagami (excretion through urine)
Part Used—Root
Dosage— Powder l-3g; decoction 50-lOOml.
Indications.- Atisãra, Chardi, üla, Jvara, Kustha, Kandü, Krmi, Hrdroa, Gulma, Yöni röga.
Important Yogas or Formations
Pusyanuga curna,saddharana yoga.
Therapeutic Uses—
(1) ArthaVabhedaka - Root juice of Pãtha shall be used as Naya (G.N.)
(2) Lavanameha— Decoction of Pãthã and Aguru is useful (S.S.Ci. 11)
(3) Arsas— Pãthã is taken with butter-milk (A.H.Ci.8)
(2) Lavanameha— Decoction of Pãthã and Aguru is useful (S.S.Ci. 11)
(3) Arsas— Pãthã is taken with butter-milk (A.H.Ci.8)
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